UNIT 3 DISEASES AND INJURIES

UNIT 3 DISEASES AND INJURIES

3.1 COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

A diseases effecting our health and prevent us from functioning normally. Communicable diseases can be passed from one person to another. Some communicable diseases are common cold, influenza, chicken pox and measles.

3.2 DISEASES CAUSED BY ANIMALS

Some diseases can be spread by animals such as dengue and malaria by mosquitoes, bird flu by birds, and by cats and dogs.

Someone with Dengue experience high fever, vomiting, nausea, and headache. Someone with Malaria will suffer fever, chills, nausea, and flu like illness. Malaria and dengue can be avoided by preventing the breeding of mosquito by draining water in potted plants and clogged drain. Also keep yourself from mosquito bite by using insect repellents and mosquito net.

Bird flu is a flu transmitted from bird to human. The symptoms include fever, eye infection, tiredness, and muscle ache. To prevent bird flu, people working with farm birds and people keeping bird as pet ensured the environment is clean and the animal is healthy.

Parasites that infect cat and dog can also infect human. Sick pets should be placed under the care of veterinarians. The symptom includes fever, diarrhea, stomach pain, and flu-like symptoms. To prevent the spread of diseases, the living and feeding areas of our pets should be kept clean, wash your hand after touching the animals, and avoid contacts with animals’ feces.    

3.3 CONSULTING A DOCTOR

We should consult a doctor every year for a body checkup. We should consult a doctor when feeling unwell and never take medicines without doctor advice. Immunization can prevent us from infection. We can be immunized again diseases such tuberculosis, chicken pox, measles, and common flu.

3.4 FIRST AID MEASURES

1. Animal bites

a. Small wounds:

Wash the wound thoroughly with soap - Dry the wound with piece of clean gauze - Cover with plaster

b. Deep bleeding wound

Press the wound with clean gauze until the bleeding stop – Cover with bandage and sterile dressing – Visit the doctor to prevent infection.

2. Insect bites and stings

Look for the stinger- If it is visible, brush or scrape it off sideways-Apply an ice pack to the site of the sting-Consult to doctor if pain and swelling remains.

3. Muscle injuries

Stop the activity we are doing – Apply ice packs injured areas to reduce swelling – Wrap the injured area with elastic bandage – Elevate the injured body above heart level – Consult a doctor.

4. Bone Injuries

Type of bone injuries: Sprains, Dislocation, Fractures, and Broken Bones.

Sprains is condition when a body part is forced beyond its normal range of movement.

Dislocation is condition where the bone move away from its normal position

A fracture is a crack or break in a bone. Fracture bone causes severe pain, swelling, and tenderness. First aid for fracture is supporting the injured part with bandage and take to hospital immediately.